Managing VMs with PowerCLI

Import-Module VMware.VimAutomation.Vds
$VMHost="vcenter01.krazyworks.local"
Connect-VIServer -Server $VMHost

Get some info on the basket with all of your eggs

# Get a list of ESX hosts
Get-VMHost | Format-Table -Auto

# Some more info
Get-VMHost | Format-List

# And some more
Get-VMHost | foreach-object {(Get-View $_.ID).Config.Product }

# Get a list of datastores
Get-Datastore | Format-Table -Auto

# As above but more details
Get-Datastore | Format-List

# Get a list of VMDKs on a particular datastore
Get-HardDisk -Datastore datastore_name | Format-Table -Auto

# Get a list of of 10 largest VMDKs on a particular datastore
Get-HardDisk -Datastore syno-iscsi-01 | Sort-Object CapacityGB -Descending | Format-Table -Auto | Select -First 10

Creating spreadsheets

# Set target directory and name of the output CSV file
$userhome = get-content env:userprofile;
$enddate = (Get-Date).tostring("yyyy-MM-dd_HHmmss");
$outfile = $userhome + '\Documents\vcenter_report_' + $enddate + '.csv';

# Append this to the end of any list-generating command to output to CSV
| Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation -path $outfile

Get a list of templates with name matching:

# List templates in Datacenter1 containing "rhel7_64_build" in the name
Get-Template -Location "Datacenter1" -name "*rhel7_64_build*"

Get a list of VMs with name matching:

# Select VM called "hostname1"
$VMs = Get-VM | Where-Object { $_.Name -match 'hostname1'}

# Select VMs named "hostname1*", or "hostname3*"
$VMs = Get-VM | Where-Object { $_.Name -like 'hostname1*' -or $_.Name -like 'hostname3*'}

# Select VMs named "hostname1*", but not "hostname10*"
$VMs = Get-VM | Where-Object { $_.Name -like 'hostname1*' -and $_.Name -notlike 'hostname10*'}

# Select VMs named "hostname1*", but not "hostname10*" with description containing "decom" or in powered-off state
Get-VM | Where-Object {$_.Name -like 'hostname1*' -and $_.Name -notlike 'hostname10*' -and ($_.Description1 -like '*decom*' -or $_.PowerState -match 'PoweredOff')}

Get VM details:

# Get VMWare-Tools version for VMs matching 'prod*' name
Get-VM | Where-Object { $_.Name -like 'prod*'} |% { get-view $_.id } | select Name, @{ Name=";ToolsVersion";; Expression={$_.config.tools.toolsVersion}} | Format-Table -Auto

Below is a quick PowerShell script to gather VM details based on the VM name regular expression. Note the Where-Object syntax and modify to suit your needs.

Import-Module VMware.VimAutomation.Vds;
$VMHost="vcenter1.your.domain";
Connect-VIServer -Server $VMHost;

$userhome = get-content env:userprofile;
$enddate = (Get-Date).tostring("yyyy-MM-dd_HHmmss");
$outfile = $userhome + '\Documents\vcenter_report_' + $enddate + '.csv';

Get-VM | Where-Object {$_.Name -like [regex]"[pd]lhttp*" -and $_.PowerState -match 'PoweredOn'} | 
Select Name, 
@{N="IP";E={@($_.Guest.IPAddress[0])}}, 
@{N="MAC";E={($_ | Get-NetworkAdapter).MacAddress -join ", "}}, 
@{N="NIC";E={$vNicInfo = Get-VM -Name $_ | Get-NetworkAdapter; $Result = foreach ($vNic in $VnicInfo) {"{0}={1}"-f ($vnic.Name.split("")[2]), ($vNic.Type)}; $Result -join (", ")}}, 
@{N="VLAN";E={($_ | Get-NetworkAdapter).NetworkName -join ", "}}, 
@{N="DnsName"; E={$_.ExtensionData.Guest.Hostname}}, 
NumCPU, 
MemoryGB, 
@{N="SizeGB";E={[math]::round($_.ProvisionedSpaceGB, 1)}}, 
@{N="HDDs (GB)";E={[math]::round(($_ | get-harddisk | select-object -ExpandProperty CapacityGB) -join " + ", 1)}}, 
Version, 
@{N="Boot Time";E={(Get-Date).AddSeconds(- (Get-Stat -Entity $_ -Stat sys.uptime.latest -Realtime -MaxSamples 1).value).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")}}, 
@{N="Running OS";E={$_.ExtensionData.Guest.GuestFullName}}, 
@{N="VMTools";E={$_.ExtensionData.Guest.ToolsRunningStatus + " version " + $_.ExtensionData.Guest.ToolsVersion + ", " + $_.ExtensionData.Guest.ToolsVersionStatus}}, 
@{N="VMX";E={$_.ExtensionData.config.files.VMpathname}}, 
@{N="VMDK";E={($_ | Get-HardDisk).filename -join ", "}}, 
@{N="Snapshots";E={($_ | get-snapshot).count}}, 
@{N="Cluster";E={Get-Cluster -VM $_}}, 
@{N="ESX Host";E={Get-VMHost -VM $_}}, 
@{N="Datastore";E={Get-Datastore -VM $_}} | 
Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation -path $outfile;

Generate a datastore audit report in CSV format showing capacity, provisioned, and available space

$report = @()

foreach($cluster in Get-Cluster){
    Get-VMHost -Location $cluster | Get-Datastore | %{
        $info = "" | select DataCenter, Cluster, Name, Capacity, Provisioned, Available 
        $info.Datacenter = $_.Datacenter
        $info.Cluster = $cluster.Name
        $info.Name = $_.Name 
        $info.Capacity = [math]::Round($_.capacityMB/1024,2) 
        $info.Provisioned = [math]::Round(($_.ExtensionData.Summary.Capacity - $_.ExtensionData.Summary.FreeSpace + $_.ExtensionData.Summary.Uncommitted)/1GB,2) 
        $info.Available = [math]::Round($info.Capacity - $info.Provisioned,2) 
        $report += $info
    }
}

$report | Export-Csv "C:\datastore_report.csv" -NoTypeInformation -UseCulture

Same as above, but one cluster per Excel spreadsheet tab

foreach($cluster in Get-Cluster){
    $report = @()
    Get-VMHost -Location $cluster | Get-Datastore | %{
        $info = "" | select DataCenter, Cluster, Name, Capacity, Provisioned, Available 
        $info.Datacenter = $_.Datacenter
        $info.Cluster = $cluster.Name
        $info.Name = $_.Name 
        $info.Capacity = [math]::Round($_.capacityMB/1024,2) 
        $info.Provisioned = [math]::Round(($_.ExtensionData.Summary.Capacity - $_.ExtensionData.Summary.FreeSpace + $_.ExtensionData.Summary.Uncommitted)/1GB,2) 
        $info.Available = [math]::Round($info.Capacity - $info.Provisioned,2) 
        $report += $info
    }
    $report | Export-Xls -Path C:\datastore_report.xls -WorksheetName $cluster.Name -SheetPosition "end"
}

Generate a VMDK report in Excel format showing VM name, datastore, VMDK path, storage format, and capacity

$VMs = Get-VM *
$Data = @()

 foreach ($VM in $VMs){
	$VMDKs = $VM | get-HardDisk
	foreach ($VMDK in $VMDKs) {
		if ($VMDK -ne $null){
			$CapacityGB = $VMDK.CapacityKB/1024/1024
			$CapacityGB = [int]$CapacityGB
			$into = New-Object PSObject
			Add-Member -InputObject $into -MemberType NoteProperty -Name VMname $VM.Name
			Add-Member -InputObject $into -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Datastore $VMDK.FileName.Split(']')[0].TrimStart('[')
			Add-Member -InputObject $into -MemberType NoteProperty -Name VMDK $VMDK.FileName.Split(']')[1].TrimStart('[')
			Add-Member -InputObject $into -MemberType NoteProperty -Name StorageFormat $VMDK.StorageFormat
			Add-Member -InputObject $into -MemberType NoteProperty -Name CapacityGB $CapacityGB
			$Data += $into
		}
	}

}
$Data | Sort-Object VMname,Datastore,VMDK | Export-Xls -Path C:\vmdk_report.xls -NoTypeInformation -UseCulture

Get a list of Snapshots

# Show all snapshots for all VMs
Get-VM | Get-Snapshot

# Show any snapshots older than 7 days and their sizes
Get-VM | Get-Snapshot | Where {$_.Created -lt (Get-Date).AddDays(-7)} | Select-Object VM, Name, Created, @{N="SizeGB";E={[math]::round($_.SizeGB, 1)}}

# Same as above, but nicely formatted
Get-VM | Get-Snapshot | Where {$_.Created -lt (Get-Date).AddDays(-7)} | Select-Object VM, Name, Created, @{N="SizeGB";E={[math]::round($_.SizeGB, 1)}} | Sort SizeGB | Format-Table -Auto

Create Snapshots

# Snapshot all VMs called prod* with snapshot description
$Description = (Get-Date).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd")+'_before_patching'
New-Snapshot -VM vmname -Name $Description
Get-VM | Where-Object { $_.Name -like 'prod*'} | New-Snapshot -Name $Description

Delete the Snapshots

# Remove all snapshots for a VM
Get-VM -Name vmname | Get-Snapshot | Remove-Snapshot

# Remove a particular snapshot
Get-VM -Name vmname | Get-Snapshot -Name snapshot_name | Remove-Snapshot

# Remove all snapshots older than 90 days from all VMs
Get-VM | Get-Snapshot | Where {$_.Created -lt (Get-Date).AddDays(-90)} | Remove-Snapshot

Disk Consolidation

# Get a list of VMs in need of disk consolidation
Get-VM | Where-Object {$_.Extensiondata.Runtime.ConsolidationNeeded}

# Consolidate disks on all VMs that need it
Get-VM | Where-Object {$_.Extensiondata.Runtime.ConsolidationNeeded} | foreach {$_.ExtensionData.ConsolidateVMDisks_Task()}

# Give VM 2 CPU sockets
get-VM -name vmname | set-VM -NumCpu 2 -Confirm:$false

# Give VM 2 CPU sockets with 2 cores in each
$VM=Get-VM -Name vmanme
$VMSpec=New-Object –Type VMware.Vim.VirtualMAchineConfigSpec –Property @{“NumCoresPerSocket” = 2}
<em>$VM.ExtensionData.ReconfigVM_Task($VMSpec)
$VM | Set-VM -NumCPU 2</em>

# Get a list of VMs with CPU reservations
Get-VM | Get-VMResourceConfiguration | where {$_.CPUReservationMhz -ne '0'} | Sort-Object NumCpuShares -Descending | Format-Table -Auto

# Get a list of VMs with CPU reservations and set reservations to zero
Get-VM | Get-VMResourceConfiguration | where {$_.CPUReservationMhz -ne '0'} | Set-VMResourceConfiguration -CPUReservationMhz 0

# Get a list of VM with CPU limit set
Get-VM | Get-VMResourceConfiguration | where {$_.CPULimitMhz -ne '-1'} | Format-Table -Auto

# As above and unset the CPU limit
Get-VM | Get-VMResourceConfiguration | where {$_.CPULimitMhz -ne '-1'} | Set-VMResourceConfiguration -CPULimitMhz $null

# Give VM 2GB of RAM
Get-VM -Name vmname | Set-VM -MemoryGB 2

# Reduce RAM to 1GB (requires shutdown)
Get-VM -Name vmname | Shutdown-VMGuest | Set-VM -MemoryGB 1

# Double VM's RAM
Set-VM -VM vmname -MemoryGB ((Get-VM -Name vmname).MemoryGB * 2)

# Set VM RAM to match another VM
Set-VM -VM vmname -MemoryGB (Get-VM -Name vmname2).MemoryGB

# Get a list of VMs with memory reservations
Get-VM | Get-VMResourceConfiguration | where {$_.MemReservationMB -ne '0'} | Format-Table -Auto

# As above and unset memory reservations
Get-VM | Get-VMResourceConfiguration | where {$_.MemReservationMB -ne '0'} | Set-VMResourceConfiguration -MemReservationMB 0

# Get a list of VMs with memory reservations and the amount of associated datastore free space
ForEach ($vm in (Get-VM | Get-VMResourceConfiguration | where {$_.MemReservationMB -ne '0'} | ForEach {$_.VM})){Get-VM $vm | Select Name,PowerState,@{N="Reservation";E={Get-VMResourceConfiguration -VM $_ | ForEach {$_.MemReservationMB}}},@{N="Datastore";E={Get-Datastore -VM $_}},@{N="Datastore Free Space";E={Get-Datastore -VM $_ | ForEach {$_.FreeSpaceMB}}}}

# Remove memory reservations on VMs if there is enough free datastore space
ForEach ($vm in (Get-VM | Get-VMResourceConfiguration | where {$_.MemReservationMB -ne '0'} | ForEach {$_.VM})){
  # $name = (Get-VM $vm | ForEach {$_.Name})
  $powerstate = (Get-VM $vm | ForEach {$_.PowerState})
  [int]$reservation = (Get-VMResourceConfiguration -VM $vm | ForEach {$_.MemReservationMB})
  $datastore = (Get-Datastore -VM $vm )
  [int]$dsfreespace = $datastore.FreeSpaceMB
  [int]$numberofds = (Get-Datastore -VM $vm |Measure-object).Count
  write-host "VM = $vm `n`t PowerState = $powerstate `n`t Memory Reservation = $reservation `n`t DataStore VM = $datastore `n`t Free Space on datastore = $dsfreespace `n`t Number of Datastores is $numberofds"
  if ((($dsfreespace - $reservation) -gt "0") -and ($numberofds -eq "1")){
     Write-Host "Now removing the memory reservation $reservation for VM $vm" -ForegroundColor Green
     Get-VMResourceConfiguration -VM $vm | Set-VMResourceConfiguration -MemReservationMB 0
  }
  else {
     Write-Host "Memory reservation ($reservation) cannot be removed because there is not enough free space on the datastore, or because the VM has multiple datastores." -ForegroundColor Red
  }
}

# Get a list of VMs with memory limit
Get-VM | Get-VMResourceConfiguration | where {$_.MemLimitMB -ne '-1'} | Format-Table -Auto